The CNS directly or indirectly influences nearly every internal organ system, whether related to respiration, digestion, excretion, circulation or reproduction. In addition, involuntary reflexes are mediated by the spinal cord, providing protection and quickly preventing injury. Motivation, ambition, reward, and satisfaction are also mediated through neuronal connections in the CNS.Īt the same time, the limbic system of the brain also controls the most basic emotions and drives, such as pleasure, fear, anger, hunger, thirst, sleepiness and sexual desire. These tasks involve an association of abstract symbols and sounds with concrete objects and emotions. The brain plays an important role in the development of speech, language, and communication. Neuronal connections form the basis for thought and retention of memory. The CNS, especially the brain, is considered the physical seat for most higher-order mental functions. A similar process of receiving complex stimuli and generating a coordinated response is required for vastly varied activities – whether it is balancing a bicycle, maintaining a conversation or mounting an immune response. Once infants learn to walk, this happens involuntarily, no longer requiring conscious thought or concentration. For instance, in order to walk the CNS needs visual and integumentary cues – the texture of the surface, its incline, the presence of obstacles, and so forth.īased on these stimuli, the CNS alters skeletal muscle contraction. The CNS receives input from a variety of different sources, and implements an appropriate response to the stimuli, in a cohesive manner. The primary function of the central nervous system is integration and coordination. Central Nervous System Diagram Central Nervous System Function Coordination and Movement As such, the central nervous system is the coordinated processing center of the body. All other nerves are part of the peripheral nervous system, but they still connect to the CNS. Some cranial nerves, like the optic and olfactory nerves, are also considered to be a part of the central nervous system. While the CNS is functionally made of neurons, other cell types such as glial cells play important supporting roles.
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